When winter snowfall trumps summer melting

When equality trumps reciprocity

Abstract: Inequity aversion and reciprocity have been identified as two primary motivations underlying human decision making. However, because income and wealth inequality exist to some degree in all societies, these two key motivations can point to different decisions. In particular, when a beneficiary is less wealthy than a benefactor, a reciprocal action can lead to greater inequality. In th...

When Performance Trumps Gender Bias:

We examine a new intervention to overcome gender biases in hiring, promotion, and job assignments: an “evaluation nudge,” in which people are evaluated jointly rather than separately regarding their future performance. Evaluators are more likely to focus on individual performance in joint than in separate evaluation and on group stereotypes in separate than in joint evaluation, making joint eva...

Importance of autumn Arctic sea ice to northern winter snowfall.

In their contribution to PNAS, Liu et al. (1) suggested that the recent decline of Arctic sea ice has played a critical role in recent cold and snowy winters in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). This study is very interesting, but we believe it deserves several clarifications. First, in 2010, Wu et al. (2) discovered the importance of autumn Arctic sea ice in triggering regional cold extremes; for ...

Managing neurobehavioral capability when social expediency trumps biological imperatives.

Sleep, which is evolutionarily conserved across species, is a biological imperative that cannot be ignored or replaced. However, the percentage of habitually sleep-restricted adults has increased in recent decades. Extended work hours and commutes, shift work schedules, and television viewing are particularly potent social factors that influence sleep duration. Chronic partial sleep restriction...

Diagnosing Supraventricular Tachycardia: When Physical Examination Trumps the Electrocardiogram.